MufiZ Language Reference

var a = 10;
var b; // or var b = nil;

var a = 10; // Global
fun foo() {
    var b = 20; // Local
}
print b; // Undefined variable 'b'.

Control Structures

If-else

The if statement is used to execute a block of code if a condition is true. If the condition is false, the code block will not be executed. The else statement is used to execute a block of code if the condition is false.

if (condition) {
    // code block
} else {
    // code block
}

To check for multiple conditions, the else if statement can be used.

if (condition1) {
    // code block
} else if (condition2) {
    // code block
} else {
    // code block
}

Loops

Loops are used to execute a block of code multiple times. The for loop is used to execute a block of code a specific number of times. The while loop is used to execute a block of code as long as a condition is true.

while(condition) {
    // code block
}

The for loop is used to execute a block of code a specific number of iterations. It has three parts: initialization, condition, and increment/decrement.

for(var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    // code block
}

Functions

Functions are used to group a block of code that can be executed multiple times. They are declared using the fun keyword.

fun foo() {
    // code block
}

Function Arguments

Functions can take arguments. These are the values that are passed to the function when it is called.

fun foo(a, b) {
    // code block
}

Function Return

Functions can return a value. This is the value that the function will return when it is called.

fun foo() {
    return 10;
}

Object-Oriented Programming

Classes

Classes are used to create objects. They are declared using the class keyword.

To initialize the fields in the class use the init method. Each field is accessed under the self keyword.

class Person {
    init(name, age){
        self.name = name; 
        self.age = age;
    }
}

Objects

Objects are instances of classes. They are created by calling the class name as a function with whichever arguments it requires.

var person = Person("John", 25);

Inheritance

Inheritance is used to create a new class that is based on an existing class. The new class inherits the fields and methods of the existing class.

To inherit from a class, use the < operator.

class Student < Person {
    init(name, age, grade){
        self.name = name; 
        self.age = age;
        self.grade = grade;
    }
}

Collections

Arrays

Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable. They can either be initialized by the array function (which can be used to create a dynamic or static array) or you can create a static array with [ ].

var arr1 = array(10); // Dynamic array with initial capacity of 10
var arr2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; // Static array with 5 elements

Linked Lists

Linked lists are a Doubly Linked List that can used to store multiple values in a single variable by doing operations from both the back and front. They can either be initialized by the linked_list function.

var list = linked_list();

Hash Tables

Hash tables are used to store key-value pairs in a single variable. They can either be initialized by the hash_table function. Where the key is always a string and the value is any type.

var table = hash_table();

Float Vectors

Float Vectors are a special kind of static arrays, which only store explicitly double values, and are able to make use of AVX2 instructions to do operations in parallel. When a float vector has a size of 3, it is also treated as a 3D Vector. To create a Floating Vector, you can either use the fvec function or you can set values directly with { }.

var vec1 = fvec(3); // Float Vector with 3 elements
var vec2 = {1.0, 2.0, 3.0}; // Float Vector with 3 elements